How to Design a Simple Analog Line Follower Robot (LFR) without using Micro-controllers

Key Features of an Analog Line Follower Robot

  FOLLOW WHITE LINE OVER A BLACK SURFACE OR A BLACK LINE OVER A WHITE SURFACE AUTOMATICALLY.

  LOW POWER CONSUMPTION.

  CAN BE DESIGNED WITHIN 3 TO 4 HOURS. 

 NO MICROCONTROLLER IS USED, DESIGNED WITH THE HELP OF LOGIC GATES ONLY. 

 A VERY LOW BUDGET AUTONOMOUS ROBOT. 

 CONTAINS 2 MOTORS, 2 SENSORS, 1 CASTER WHEEL, AND A BASIC ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT.

  SIMPLE TO DESIGN AND UNDERSTAND. 

 LDR SENSORS ARE USED INSTEAD OF IR SENSORS TO DECREASE THE COST AND INCREASE THE SIMPLICITY OF ROBOT.  IN TOTAL ONLY 3 IC ARE USED : 7805 (VOLTAGE REGULATOR), LM358 (COMPARATOR), L293D (MOTOR DRIVER)